Linux--MySQL源码安装及配置

Mysql Linux
  1. 准备
  2. 安装
  3. 配置

　　上篇博客http://blog.xiaoxiaomo.com/2016/02/22/Linux-软件安装之Mysql/，使用了一种相对比较简单的安装方式。本片博客，在讲解另外一种安装方式。

准备

安装

  • 1.先安装cmake
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    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ up]# tar -zxvf cmake-3.0.2.tar.gz 
    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ up]# mv cmake-3.0.2 /opt/   
    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ up]# cd /opt/cmake-3.0.2/
    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ cmake-3.0.2]# ./configure ##如报错，请看下面解决办法
    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ cmake-3.0.2]# make
    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ cmake-3.0.2]# make install

问题一：

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[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ cmake-3.0.2]# ./configure 
---------------------------------------------
CMake 3.0.2, Copyright 2000-2014 Kitware, Inc.
---------------------------------------------
Error when bootstrapping CMake:
Cannot find appropriate C compiler on this system.
Please specify one using environment variable CC.
See cmake_bootstrap.log for compilers attempted.

---------------------------------------------
Log of errors: /opt/cmake-3.0.2/Bootstrap.cmk/cmake_bootstrap.log
---------------------------------------------

解决办法：

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1. ##安装gcc环境
yum -y install gcc 

2. 然后运行：[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ
3. 
4.  cmake-3.0.2]# ./bootstrap #报错如下
---------------------------------------------
CMake 3.0.2, Copyright 2000-2014 Kitware, Inc.
C compiler on this system is: cc 
---------------------------------------------
Error when bootstrapping CMake:
Cannot find appropriate C++ compiler on this system.
Please specify one using environment variable CXX.
See cmake_bootstrap.log for compilers attempted.
---------------------------------------------
Log of errors: /opt/cmake-3.0.2/Bootstrap.cmk/cmake_bootstrap.log
---------------------------------------------

##缺少c++的环境
yum -y install gcc-c++  

[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ cmake-3.0.2]# ./bootstrap 
[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ cmake-3.0.2]# gmake  
[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ cmake-3.0.2]# gmake install

  • 2.创建mysql的安装目录及数据库存放目录

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    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ opt]# mkdir -p /opt/mysql //安装mysql 
    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ opt]# mkdir -p /opt/mysql/data //存放数据库

  • 3.创建mysql用户及用户组

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    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ opt]# groupadd mysql
    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ opt]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

  • 4.安装mysql

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    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ up]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.5.40\ linux.tar.gz 
    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ up]# cd mysql-5.5.40
    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql-5.5.40]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/mysql/data -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 //注意：上面是一条命令
    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql-5.5.40]# make  
    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql-5.5.40]# make install

  • 5.问题解决（博主报了如下错误）

错误一： 在cmake时，出现如下错误：

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-- Could NOT find Curses (missing:  CURSES_LIBRARY CURSES_INCLUDE_PATH) 
CMake Error at cmake/readline.cmake:83 (MESSAGE):
  Curses library not found.  Please install appropriate package,

      remove CMakeCache.txt and rerun cmake.On Debian/Ubuntu, package name is libncurses5-dev, on Redhat andevel.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  cmake/readline.cmake:127 (FIND_CURSES)
  cmake/readline.cmake:217 (MYSQL_USE_BUNDLED_LIBEDIT)
  CMakeLists.txt:369 (MYSQL_CHECK_READLINE)

解决办法：

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yum -y install ncurses-devel
yum -y install bison
make && make install #编译完成

错误二： 在make时，出现了如下错误：

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make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found.  Stop.

解决办法：

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1、wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ncurses/ncurses-5.6.tar.gz
2、tar zxvf ncurses-5.6.tar.gz
3、cd ncurses-5.6
4、 ./configure -prefix=/opt -with-shared -without-debug
    ./configure --with-shared --without-debug --with-ticlib
5、make && make install

注意：如果执行cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/mysql/data -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1还是报错:

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remove CMakeCache.txt and rerun cmake.On Debian/Ubuntu, package name is libncurses5-dev, 
on Redhat and derivates it is ncurses-devel.  
Call Stack (most recent call first):  
  cmake/readline.cmake:127 (FIND_CURSES)  
  cmake/readline.cmake:217 (MYSQL_USE_BUNDLED_LIBEDIT)  
  CMakeLists.txt:257 (MYSQL_CHECK_READLINE)

记得清除旧的对象文件和缓存

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# make clean
# rm -f CMakeCache.txt

  • 6.参数说明：

    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql //安装目录
    -DINSTALL_DATADIR=/opt/mysql/data //数据库存放目录
    -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 //使用utf8字符
    -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci //校验字符
    -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all //安装所有扩展字符集
    -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 //允许从本地导入数据

配置

  • 一、设置目录权限
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[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql-5.5.40]# cd /opt/mysql/
[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql]# ll
total 200
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root   4096 Apr 25 19:24 bin
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  17987 Sep  8  2014 COPYING
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root   4096 Apr 25 19:24 data
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root   4096 Apr 25 19:24 docs
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root   4096 Apr 25 19:24 include
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 132608 Sep  8  2014 INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root   4096 Apr 25 19:24 lib
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root   4096 Apr 25 19:24 man
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root   4096 Apr 25 19:24 mysql-test
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   2496 Sep  8  2014 README
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root   4096 Apr 25 19:24 scripts
drwxr-xr-x 27 root root   4096 Apr 25 19:24 share
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root   4096 Apr 25 19:24 sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root   4096 Apr 25 19:24 support-files、

[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql]# chown -R root:mysql .
[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql data
  • 二、将mysql的启动服务添加到系统服务中
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[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf //my-medium.cnf不仅限于这一个文件

//查看可以使用的文件
[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql]# cd support-files/
[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ support-files]# ll
#下面列出的×.cnf结尾的都可以，但是每一个都有不同的用处
total 152
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root mysql  1153 May 29 11:14 binary-configure
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root mysql  4528 May 29 11:14 config.huge.ini
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root mysql  2382 May 29 11:14 config.medium.ini
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root mysql  1626 May 29 11:14 config.small.ini
-rw-r--r-- 1 root mysql   773 Jul  2  2012 magic
-rw-r--r-- 1 root mysql  4691 May 29 11:14 my-huge.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root mysql 19759 May 29 11:14 my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root mysql  4665 May 29 11:14 my-large.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root mysql  4676 May 29 11:14 my-medium.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root mysql  2840 May 29 11:14 my-small.cnf
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root mysql  1061 May 29 11:14 mysqld_multi.server
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root mysql   839 May 29 11:14 mysql-log-rotate
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root mysql 10650 May 29 11:14 mysql.server
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root mysql  1326 May 29 11:14 ndb-config-2-node.ini
  • 三、创建系统数据库的表
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[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql]# cd /opt/mysql
[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

  • 四、设置环境变量

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    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql]# vi /etc/profile
    # Path manipulation
    if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
            pathmunge /sbin
            pathmunge /usr/sbin
            pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
            pathmunge /opt/mysql/bin/##添加行
    fi

    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql]# source /etc/profile

  • 五、将mysql添加到系统服务中

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    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld　//将mysql的启动服务添加到系统服务中

  • 六、启动mysql的方法(mysql已经被添加到系统服务中)

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    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql]# service mysql start  //启动mysql服务
    ***********************************************
    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql]# service mysql stop　　//停止mysql服务
    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql]# service mysql restart     //重启mysql服务

  • 七、修改MySQL的root用户的密码以及打开远程连接

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[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql]#  mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
//这里MySQL的root用户还没有配置密码，直接点回车键即可。

mysql> use mysql; //使用mysql这个库
Database changed

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY "root";  //添加远程连接
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> update user set Password = password('xiaoxiaomo.com') where User='root'; //设置密码为xiaoxiaomo.com
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 5  Changed: 5  Warnings: 0

mysql> select Host,User,Password  from user where User='root';
+--------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| Host         | User | Password                                  |
+--------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost    | root | *758A8EEE3D96A07C409995FD1E7C66493AC52206 |
| iz94r8hgrjcz | root | *758A8EEE3D96A07C409995FD1E7C66493AC52206 |
| 127.0.0.1    | root | *758A8EEE3D96A07C409995FD1E7C66493AC52206 |
| ::1          | root | *758A8EEE3D96A07C409995FD1E7C66493AC52206 |
| %            | root | *758A8EEE3D96A07C409995FD1E7C66493AC52206 |
+--------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

[root@ iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql]# mysql -u root -p

若还不能进行远程连接，则查看防火墙是否开启

  • 八、设置开机启动

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    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql]# chkconfig --level 345 mysql on //设置开机启动(取消开机启动：把 on 改为 off)

  • 九、修改mysql的最大连接数

mysql默认安装的最大连接数是100。100一般是不够用的。要增大连接数，要怎样增加呢？

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[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf  

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 4M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
#一定要加在[mysqld]这段里面,根据你的需求自行更改数据
max_connections=1000         # 最大连接数
max_user_connections=500     # 每个用户最大连接数
wait_timeout=200             # 多少秒后关闭空闲（IDLE）

检测：

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[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql]# service mysql restart  //重启mysql服务
[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ mysql]# cd /opt/mysql/bin
[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ bin]# mysqladmin -u root -p variables //检测
输入root数据库账号的密码后可看到 (屏幕上的数据有点多，慢慢找)

|max_connections             | 1000
|max_user_connections        | 500
|wait_timeout                | 200
#改动已经生效。
  • 十、查看修改mysql编码方式

MySQL的默认编码是Latin1，不支持中文，要支持中文需要把数据库的默认编码修改为gbk或者utf8（java的一般都是用utf-8，乱码问题蛋疼啊，我就用utf-8演示）。

  1. 需要以root用户身份登陆才可以查看数据库编码方式

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    mysql> show variables like 'character%';
    +--------------------------+----------------------------------+
    | Variable_name            | Value                            |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------------+
    | character_set_client     | utf8                             |
    | character_set_connection | utf8                             |
    | character_set_database   | latin1                           |
    | character_set_filesystem | binary                           |
    | character_set_results    | utf8                             |
    | character_set_server     | latin1                           |
    | character_set_system     | utf8                             |
    | character_sets_dir       | /opt/mysql/share/charsets/ |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------------+
    8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

  2. 停止mysql服务

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    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ etc]# service mysql stop
    Shutting down MySQL.                                       [  OK  ]

  3. 编辑my.cnf

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[root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ etc]# vi /etc/my.cnf
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password       = your_password
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8  ##为添加内容1

[mysqld]
port            = 3306
max_connections=1000       # 最大连接数
max_user_connections=500   # 每个用户最大连接数
wait_timeout=200           # 多少秒后关闭空闲（IDLE）
character-set-server =utf8 ##为添加内容2
  1. 检查
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    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ etc]# service mysql start
    Starting MySQL..                                           [  OK  ]
    [root@iZ94r8hgrjcZ etc]# mysql -u root -p
    Enter password:
    mysql> show variables like 'character%';
    +--------------------------+----------------------------------+
    | Variable_name            | Value                            |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------------+
    | character_set_client     | utf8                             |
    | character_set_connection | utf8                             |
    | character_set_database   | utf8                             |
    | character_set_filesystem | binary                           |
    | character_set_results    | utf8                             |
    | character_set_server     | utf8                             |
    | character_set_system     | utf8                             |
    | character_sets_dir       | /opt/mysql/share/charsets/ |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------------+
    8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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